The rate of absorption from an intramuscular site is governed by the same factors. While holding the tissues in the lateral position, insert a needle at a 90 degree angle and inject the drug. This is an introduction to pharmacology, talking specifically about the characteristics of drugs. Rapid injections are used to treat epileptic seizures, acute asthma, or cardiac arrhythmias. The drug may be swallowed, allowing oral delivery, or it may be placed under the tongue sublingual or between the gums and cheek buccal, facilitating direct absorption into the bloodstream. It also offers comprehensive coverage of diagnostic contrast agents, along with drug administration procedures, emergency responses to drug reactions, and legal and ethical aspects of medication administration.
Routes of drug administration pharmacology 3571 with. Phar 7633 chapter 7 routes of drug administration oral po oral administration will be covered in more detail in subsequent chapters. Transdermal this route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin, usually via a transdermal medicated adhesive patch. Identify sample pharmaceutical agents as to dosage form and. Sep 06, 2014 oral route the most common route of drug administration. Time of action using different routes of administration drugs take different time durations after injection using different routes to perform their actions. Drugs are introduced into the body by several routes. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Aerosols localtopical route of drug administration in this route the drug is applied on the skin. For some medications, two nurses are needed to sign off on a new order such a heparin and insulin. It provides introductory material on pharmacological nomenclature, drug classifications, pharmacokinetics, and drugs used in imaging. Pharmacology, the science of drugs, deals with all aspects of drugs in medicine, including their mechanism of action, physical and chemical properties, metabolism, therapeutics, and toxicity. Additionally, a veterinary technician must be knowledgeable about dosage forms, syringe construction, and hatch marks and must be able to draw correct amounts of medication within a syringe, know the six rights of drug administration, be capable of administering medication by all available routes, be knowledgeable in the area of client. Nurses knowledge of pharmacology behind drugs they commonly.
Regarding termination of drug action a drug must be exerted from the body to. Drug administration drugs msd manual consumer version. Absorption can be fast from aqueous solution but slower with depot formulations. Drug and patientrelated factors determine the selection of routes for drug administration. Routes and techniques of drug administration veterian key. A drug must have the necessary properties to travel to its site of action or receptor from its site of administration. Introduction to pharmacology, and routes of drugs administration and absorption. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.
Oral route the most common route of drug administration. Introduction to pharmacology, and routes of drug administration. Make sure to study these drugs for your foundation in pharmacology. The drug administration schedule can sometimes be flexible in order to accommodate the clients activities for the day or preferences. Principles of pharmacokinetics learning objectives. Inhalation administration involves inhaling of a drug in gas or liquid form. Although understanding the basic pharmacology of any administered therapeutic or chemical. Because the muscles lie below the skin and fatty tissues, a longer needle is used. I will briefly touch on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics and speak about how the characteristics of some drugs are important in their effect on the body. Routes of drug administration pharmacology wiki fandom. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This route is of great value in case of emergencies.
Routes of drug administration advantages of inhalation rapid action of the drug, with local effects with in the respiratory tract potent drugs may be given in small. Dosage form design may also be used modify the rate of absorption. Literature suggests that nurses have insufficient pharmacology knowledge. The dose equals the strength of the medication multiplied by the amount. On oral administration, drug action has a slower onset and more prolonged but less potent effect than when drugs are given parenterally. In this video lecture, professor fink identifies the major routes of administration of drugs and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each. Pharmacology department multiplechoice tests in pharmacology vologograd 2006. Extrapolation of mdma findings from animals to humans requires assessment of pharmacokinetics in various species, and lowdose administration data from rats are lacking. Route of administration is the path by which a drug, is brought into contact with the body. Introduction to pharmacology and sources of drugs authorstream presentation.
Some of these interactions are directly related to the reinforcing properties of a drug, while others are related to other effects associated with the drug. Drug metabolism will be covered in the next chapter. Practice mode questions and choices are randomly arranged, the answer is revealed instantly after each question, and there is no time limit for the exam. Condition of the patient unconscious, vomiting, diarrhoea. Routes of administration and dosage forms pharmacology. This is the most convenient route of drug administration when patients cooperate with the physicians. Route of drug administration is the medium in which any drug is introduced into the body for its action.
Intravitreal intravitreal is a route of administration of a drug or other substance, in which the substance is delivered into the eye. The intramuscular route is preferred to the subcutaneous route when larger volumes of a drug product are needed. Study 28 routes of drug administration flashcards from chelsea t. Routes of administration an overview sciencedirect topics. February 24th, 2011 pharmacokinetics is the branch of pharmacology that deals with what happens to a drug when it is administered or ingested. Phar 7633 chapter 7 routes of drug administration intravenous iv drugs may be given into a peripheral vein over 1 to 2 minutes or longer by infusion. Advantages safe convenient self administered, pain free, noninvasive and easy to take economical compared to other parentral routes usually good absorption takes place along the whole length of the gi tract no need for sterilization. C pig voluntarily accepting medication when administered. The rate of absorption can vary markedly, depending on the physical characteristics of the drug lipid soluble and skin at the site of application. Routes of drug administration routes of drug administration enteral, parenteral, topical i. In this administration the drug is administered in the gaseous form. Assess patient for apnea, bradycardia, hypotension. Exam mode questions and choices are randomly arranged, time limit of 1min per question, answers and grade will be revealed after finishing the exam.
Introduction to pharmacology, and routes of drugs administration. General pharmacology 2 most of the drugs can be administered by different routes. Intramuscular route an overview sciencedirect topics. The central goal of nursing pharmacology is to enable nurses to provide medications to patients safely and appropriately using the route best suited for the administration. Pdf nurses knowledge of pharmacology behind drugs they. Pharmacology also explains why a person may experience side effects when they take drugs and why there is such a wide spectrum of differences between drug actions in different people. It refers to the right path or the required route through which a drug has to be administered into the body to obtain maximum benefit. Routes of administration medicinal chemistry pharmacology. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following except. Pharmacology published a statement on recommendations on the. Apr 01, 2012 it will provide you a complete journey through the routes of drug administration, with all the basics covered i hope this presentation will make your fundamentals crystal clear. Pharmacology is the study of the actions of drugs, incorporating knowledge from other interrelated sciences, such as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacology toxicology food and drug administration. Basics in pharmacology and medication administration lois e.
Its the nurses responsibility to be aware of tests or procedures that are taking place that may affect the medication administration. Oral ingestion is the oldest and commonest mode of drug administration. Drugs administered by this route generally work quickly. We also know that nurses and teachers of pharmacology are not satisfied with the amount of pharmacology taught in preregistration programmes in the uk.
When administering a drug, the nurse should ensure that the pharmaceutical preparation is appropriate for the route specified. Intravenous usually refers to a way of giving a drug or other substance through a needle or tube inserted into a vein. Full text of 1 general pharmacology mcqs see other formats 5 i general principles of pharmacology part i pharmacokinetics 001. Drugs are usually injected into the muscle of the upper arm, thigh, or buttock. Jun 10, 2015 major routes of drug administration include enteral, parenteral, and topical among others. It is safer more convenient, does not need assistance, non invasive, often painless, the medicament. Pharmacology seventh edition routes of drug administration. The workbook is designed to present you with a hard copy of the slides used in the. Oral drug administration to pediatric patients is characterized by. Answers to pharmacology for technicians fifth edition.
Absorption after oral administration can be quite variable. Routes of drug administration if you are taking the ptcb exam, you need to know all about drug administration routes. Home medical reference and training manuals routes of administration pharmacology i time of administration pharmacology i types of adverse reaction to a drug pharmacology i. Pharmacology administration of drugs flashcards quizlet. Routes of drug administration covers topics about parenteral and enteral routes of drug administration. Parent er al drug administration is carried out directly through the skin, in or towards systemic circulation. Study guide for nln rn pharmacology exam page 7 of 64 therapy. The air bubble follows the drug into the tissues and seals the area where the drug was injected, therefore preventing oozing of the drug up through the extremely small pathway created by the needle 3. Content and format of investigational new drug applications inds for phase 1 studies of drugs, including wellcharacterized, therapeutic, biotechnologyderived products pdf 42kb final guidance. Drugs that can be administered by the nasal route include nicotine for smoking cessation, calcitonin for osteoporosis, sumatriptan for migraine headaches, and corticosteroids for allergies. Other pharmacokinetic issues, such as drug absorption, distribution, and storage, will then be addressed.
This echapter has an introduction to pharmacology and drug nomenclature followed by a detailed discussion of routes of administration starting with oral administration with absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, and first pass liver metabolism. General pharmacology gp01 a a drug is given at a dose of 50 mgkg to a 70 kg man. Routes of drug administration 1st edition elsevier. Most drugs are absorbed from small intestine but some are absorbed from stomach and colon.
Distribution of drugs to specific tissues a is independent of blood flow to the organ b is independent of the solubility of the drug in that tissue c depends on the unbound drug concentration gradient between blood and tissue d is increased for drugs that are strongly bound to plasma proteins e has no effect on the halflife of the drug 5. The route of administration is determined by properties of the drug for example, water or lipid solubility, ionization and by the therapeutic objectives for example, the need for a rapid onset, the need for longterm treatment, or restriction of delivery to a local site. This article focuses on the principles of drug action and includes an overview of the different types of drugs. The six rights of safe medication administration wa health. It will provide you a complete journey through the routes of drug administration, with all the basics covered i hope this presentation will make your fundament slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Drug administration drugs merck manuals consumer version.
The route of administration roa that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts 042912 11 major routes s the. Introduction to pharmacology i characteristics of drugs. We used a nonexperimental causal comparative and correlational design. When an immediate drug effect is desired or when for any reason the drug cannot be injected into the other tissues or when absorption may be inhibited by poor circulation intravenous injections are given. Parenteral route of administration and dosage forms a drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. If drug contraindicated, may consider pump and dump route of administration drugs given iv before of poor po bioavailability are usually poorly absorbed by infant through milk drug pharmacokinetics drugs with long halflife may result in cumulative exposure in infant. Basics in pharmacology and medication administration lois e brenneman, msn, anp, fnp, c. Dowd, in pharmacology and therapeutics for dentistry seventh edition, 2017. Associate professor department of pharmacology kasturba medical college, mangalore. Based on animal data, there is speculation that 3,4methylenedioxymethamphetamine mdma is neurotoxic to humans.
The dosage forms of the oral route include tablets, capsules, powders, mixtures, emulsions and gels. In the second part of this article, the authors examine the biological consequences for patients of changes in drug formulation, nonadherence to drug administration schedules and failure to. A drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. Placement of drug directly into any part of the git is called an enteral mode of administration. Describe the physicochemical and physiological factors that influence the absorption of drugs from enteral and parenteral routes of administration, their distribution within the body, and their routes and mechanisms of elimination. Pharmacocognosy the study of the use of drugs identifying crude materials as drugs pharmacology toxicology 18mar rahul 5. Routes of administration greatly affect bioavailability by changing the number of biologic barriers a drug must cross or by changing the exposure of drug to pumping and metabolic mechanisms enteral administration. This article throws light upon the three main routes of drug administration. We provide a venue through which specialists across disciplines can rapidly exchange information in health sciences that pertains to modern pharmacological topics. Pharmacology explains what drugs are, what they do to body functions and what the body does to them.
Check the pdr, american hospital formulary, drug package insert, or other drug references for recommended range of specific drug doses. There is a lack of primary research on nurses knowledge of pharmacology for the purpose of drug administration. The drugs administration by this route generally affects to the part to which they are applied. The book discusses the anatomy and physiology of administration sites.
Route of drug administration with selection parameters in. Sep 25, 2017 hello my dear friends here i am going to discuss about the topic route of drug administration. Summary this echapter has an introduction to pharmacology and drug nomenclature followed by a detailed discussion of routes of administration starting with oral administration with absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, and first pass liver metabolism. Sep 14, 2017 this video will help you to understand about basic pharmacology like what is drug what is pharmacokinetics what is pharmacodynamics routes of drug administration. May 28, 2015 the drug must have a very specific size, shape, atomic configuration and electrical charge to be able to interact with the receptor. This chapter will begin by considering various routes of administration. The neuropharmacology of drugs of abuse 3 rugs of abuse interact with the neurochemical mechanisms of the brain.
This route is suitable for administration of solution and suspensions. Pharmacological research publishes cuttingedge articles in biomedical sciences to cover a broad range of topics that move the pharmacological field forward. This time delay is important, oral route has controlled release time, thus depot or reservoir preparation may. It is the route of choice for drugs that cannot be absorbed orally and or that are. Nclex practice exam for pharmacology essential principles. The three main parenteral routes of drug administration are iv, im, and sc, and in all cases administration is usually via a hollow needle. Knowledge from the various pharmacologic classes enables the nurse to understand how drugs work in the body, to achieve the therapeutic intended effects, and to anticipate and recognize. The drug administered through systemic routes is intended to be absorbed into the blood stream and distributed all over, including the site action, through circulation. This is followed by a discussion of rectal, sublingual and injection routes of. The cancer drug requiring good hydration prior to administration is. Phar 7633 chapter 7 routes of drug administration subcutaneous sc this involves administration of the drug by injection just under the skin. Administration of substances to laboratory animals.
A route of drug administration is the path by which a drug or other substance is brought into contact with the body. It must be easily inactivated or excreted from the body once it has been used for its purpose. This route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin, usually via a transdermal medicated adhesive patch. Advantages safe convenient self administered, pain free, noninvasive and easy to take economical compared to other parentral routes usually good absorption takes place along the whole length of the gi tract no need for sterilization 6. Route of administration an overview sciencedirect topics. The plasma concentration after giving it is 10 mgml. The intramuscular route is often selected for drugs that cannot be given orally because of slow or erratic absorption, high percentage of drug inactivation, or lack of patient cooperation table 21. Rapid onset of action due to rapid access to circulation. A focus group study about oral drug administration. Route of administration plays a significant role in the incidence of hypersensitivity as iv administration causes a significant number of hypersensitive responses 643% whereas im or subcutaneous routes cause far lower incidences 614%.
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